Method of producing ready-mixed paint.



No Drawing.

UNITED STATES PATENT. orrrcn.

FRANKLIN F, BRADLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNQB TO BRADLEY & VROOMAN COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, INLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF'ILLINOIS.

, METHOD orrnonucmc READY-MIXED ranvrr.

.To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN F. Bruin- LEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Methods of Producing Ready-Mixed Paints, of which the desirable characteristics, among whlch may be noted the economy with which paints of the character stated may be made and handled commercially, the long preservation of the paint constituents in their original and unimpaired condition, and the predeter' mined accurate results as to color, etc, resulting from an intermingling of such constituents, all incident to the practice of the method referred to. Heretofore, in this ar it has been the practiceto form the base and tinting constituents of paints in bulk within large vats or tanks, and then (following what might be termed quite an ex perimental practice) assemble the approximate proportions of base and tinter, still in large quantities or bulk, mix the two together, test and retest, and, by adding more coloring matter or base, finally acquiring the desired color or shade. The product was then placed in cans of suitable conveniently marketable size and sold to the dealers by whom it was dispensed to the ultimate user.

The method of making the paint by the uninterrupted method referred to is objectionable in many instances in view of the fact that it contemplates the immediate intermixing of the paint constituents when storing the completed product in cans which at times are not required by the demands of trade formally-months and even years, under which conditions at least.a portion of the completed product materially deterioratesby reason of the reaction of the constituents upon each other.

To overcome the disadvantage to which I have just alluded, one'branch of my improved method embraces the step of interruption, or non-continuous process, consisting individually preserving complemem jaryxtihtersand bases following all experifmgntal stages of operation andwhen accu Specification of Letters, Patent.

Application filed June 12, 1912. Serial No. 703,112.

paint Patented July 16, 1912.

rate results following from a commiii gling of the two constituents together are positively determined and assured, until a time immediately preceding an expected use of any given paint, when the constituents are then brought together and the paint com pleted, requiring merely the manipulation of the novice, so to speak, obviating additional experiment or test and attending practically no hazard of failure of successful 'resultsin obtaining that exact volume and exact color or tint sought.

From the standpoint of economy, it is at present impossible to calculate the large saving in loss of stock, both on the part of a manufacturer anddealer, in addition to the betterment of the final product as above outlined, inherently involved in the practice of my method, because while heretofore it was necessary for the manufacturer to make up a complete commercial line of paints each complete in itself, of the various standard colors and shades,, necessitating, also, the carrying of said line of completed paints by the dealer, many of which colors and shades were seldom' and in instances rarely in'demand, resulting in loss of space,

loss of the use of capital invested, and loss of the products themselves in cases of deterioration, the practice of my method resulting in a saving in all of these respects. To the end just stated, the individual storing and preservation of the separate bases and the separate tinters, requires relatively few bases each capable of a mixture with a plurality of tinters brought together sim ply as occasions require. Dealing with this phase of the method more specifically, it may be stated that the stock which it is customary to have on hand is reduced to a minimum and roughly speaking, need be no larger than from one-seventh to onefifth of the volume of paint material previously required to be made and carried. The ordinary commercial necessities in the mixed paint trade are usually satisfied from stocks that contain paints of thirty-two different shades of color, (which number ob- 'viously may vary), namely silver grey,

' red brown,- cherry, maroon,

willow gren,. moss green, blind reen and myrtle reen. All but the last eight of thesesha es of color require whatis called a white. base commonly made of white lead, zinc oxid, linseed 011 and Japan drier. The last four. of the shades of color above listed require a' green base commonly made of chrome green,. magnesium silicate, linseed oil and- Japan drier. The remaining four shades of colofrequire a red base commonly made of 11'011 oxid, magnesium silicate, linseed oil and Japan'drier. Tinters areadded to the bases to produce paints of thirty-two dif-- ferent shades of color in the example taken. The tinter in the paint of each shade constitutes about-five percent. of the ag re gate volume of tinter and base. Hereto ore it was necessary to carry sufficient mixed paint of eachshade to meet the pmbable demands of the trade in order to avoid delays and, as a. consequence, many lots of unusedand, owing to delay and deterioration, unusable stocks riods of time.

In carrying mymethod into practical effect -I at first produce separate masses of differentaint bases, for example base white, base green, base red, in keeping'with any usual or preferred formula, of definite characters and capable .of producing, when tinted, the substantially complete line of mixed paints. I also producegsin keeping With any usual or preferred forn'iula, separate masses of tintingly different-substances, also of definite character and in were held for long penumber in accordance with said complete line of paints and thus in correspondingly greater number of separate masses as com pared to the number of separate masses of bases, each of the tinting masses being com-v plcmental to at least one of the bases. I then divide the base masses into minor bodies of definite volume and divide the tinting masses into minor tinting bodies of definite volume adapted .to be mixed with said minor base bodies. The individual minor tinting bodies and the individual minor base bodies are then stored and preserved in independent containers until approximately the time the completed paints are to be actually used, when the tintin bodies with their con'iplemcntal minor base bodies are brought together so that the resultant product in each instance will constitute a definite quantity of paint material insuring by their mixture paints of desired definite colors. it a is to be here noted that all experimental stages'incidcnt to the making of paints are passed by me at the time the tinting and base bodies are about to be conlined and preserved in their respective containers, and with reference to the base materials I would statethat the appropriate amount is in each instance placed in a can of the standard or "amount of tinter complemental to the.

.posslble that too much or too little tin'teri given size to contain the final completed product, space being left in the can for the timer, and-the tinters are contained Within tubes of a definite size determining the amount of base so that one unskilled in the art need only introduce the tinter into'the can'of base and mix the same, the result being previously insured and it being im- 7! be delivered to any base body. In furtherance of accuracy and to avoid mistake, even by the most careless persons, I appropriately designate on the tubes and cans, or otherwise as may be found expedient, the 8C inter-relation and the expected use of the minor tinting and minor base bodies with each other, thus guiding to the successful results at which I aim. The size of the base 7 cans may be varied at will but ordinarily they will be of the usual quart,half gallon and gallon capacity, and the tubes for the tinters, preferably ofthe collapsible variety, will be of correspondingly relatively differ-j ent sizes, the relation between thetubes and 9 cans being indicated for example by placing :-'-l' B. IV. (base White) on such a base, and the words To be used with B. W. onsuch tinters asare appropriate for use with the base referred to. Q5

. By the practice of my improved method I' i :have found from experience that, to accomplish the same results, it is possible to make and carry as little as fourteen per cent. of the volume of paint material which 'it has 10 heretofore been required to'make and carry to satisfy the demands of the trade. v

I have heretofore mentioned the fact that the ingredients of the base materials and the tinting materials may be those usually em-; .105 ployed, or other materials when found preferable or expedient so that it. will be unnecessary 'to outline specific forinuhe herein other than to say that the paint bases are I usually liquid and the tinters liquid, seinipaste or pasle-like, capable when mixed together of producing paints .of proper eon sistency for intended purposes.

I claim v I. In the compounding of mixed paints, the method consisting in producing separat'e mussvs ot dillcrent paint bases, each ol' a delinite character and'rapable of constituting a base for any one of several different colored paints: producingseparate masses of i lill'ercnt tinting substances for making a substantially complete line of mixed paints; dividing the base masses into minor bodies of definite volume; dividing the tinting masses into minor tinting bodies ol dclinile volume proportionate to thgirrespot-live miiior base bodies; normally storin; and pre erving in imlcpemlent containers the individual minor base bodies and the individual minor tinting bodies; and subseq uently bringing together the desired minor nite character capa le of producing when.

tinted; a substantially complete line of mixed paints; producing separate masses of difierent tinting substances of definite characters in number relatively greater than the separate masses of different paint bases to accord with the shades of said complete line, each being complemental in character to at least one of the paint bases; dividing the base masses into minor base bodies of definite volume; dividing the tinting masses into minor tinting bodies of definite volume; normally storing and prpserving in independentcontainers the individual minor tinting bodies and the individual minor base bodies; and subsequently bringing togather the desired minor tinting bodies with their complemental minor base bodies so that the resultant product in each instance will constitute a definite quantity of paint material insuring by their mixture paint of desired definite color.

, ferenttinting substances of definite charac- 3.- In the compounding of mixed paints,

the method consisting inproducing separate masses of difierent, paint bases of definite character capable of producing, when tinted,

a. substantially complete line of mixed paints; producing separate masses of difter in number relatively greater than the separate masses of diflerent paint bases to accord with the shades of said complete line, each being complemental in character to at least one ofthe paint bases; dividing the base masses into minor base bodies of definite volume; dividing the tinting masses into minor tinting bodies of definite volume; normally storing and preserving in independent containers the individual'minor tinting bodies and the individual minor base bodies; appropriately designating and indicating the inter-relation and the 'expected use with each other of the minor tinting and minor base bodies; and subsequently bringing together the desired minor tinting bodies With their complemental minor base bodies so that the resultant product in tCh instance will constitute a definite quantity of paint material insuring by their mixture paint of desired definite color.

, 4. In the compounding of a substantiallycomplete line 01 mixed paints, the method consisting in producing separate bodies of difierent paint bases each of a determined volume and character and capable of constituting a base for a plurality of difierent colored paints; producing separate tinting bodies adapted to be mixed each with its appropriate base and being in volume and character complement-a1 to said base; normally sealing and preserving the individual base bodies and the individual tinting bodies in distinct and separate receptacles, spaces being left in the base receptacles for the tinting bodies; and finally introducing the tinting bodies, into the partially filled receptacles containing their suitable bases so that the resultant products will constitute definite quantities of paint material insuring by their mixture paints of definite color; and confining said products in the original base receptacle.

5. In the compounding of a substantially complete line .of mixed paints, the method consisting in producinga base of definite character and volume; roducing a tinting substance in volume and charactercomplemental to said base adapted when mixed with the base to furnish'a mixed paint of a predetermined combined definite quantity and color; normally storing and preserving the base in a portable can; similarly storing and preserving the tinter in a receptacle containing only an amount needed to give the requisite tintwhcn mixed with the base; and subsequently introducing the (inter into the can containing thebasc.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANKLIN F. \Vitnesses:

G. L. CnAcc, JAS. H. MIL/ins.

BRADLEY. 

